Reported speech

STATEMENTS

Changes in verb tenses
Direct speech	Reported speech
“I live in this house”, she said	She said that she lived in that house
“We are watching TV now”, they said	They said that they were watching TV at that moment
“He bought his house here”, she said	She said that he bought his house there She said that he had bought his house there
“I was listening to music all night”, she said	She said that she was listening to music all night She said that she had been listening to music all night
“I have repaired the radio myself”, she said	She said that she had repaired the radio herself
“We had painted the walls in summer”, he said	He said that they had painted the walls in summer
“You will see your friends soon”, he said	He said that I would see my friends soon
“He would like to live here”, she said	She said that he would like to live there
“You must get up early”, she said	She said that I had to get up early
“I may rain tonight”, he said	He said that it might rain that night
“I can ride a bike”, he said	He said that he could ride a bike
“I might study at university”, she said	She said that she might study at university
“I could play the piano when I was little”, he said	He said that he could play the piano when he was little
Changes in adverbs and demonstratives
Now	Then/at that moment
Today	That day
Tonight	That night
Yesterday	The day before/the previous day
Tomorrow	The day after/the following day
Last week	The week before/the previous week
Next week	The week after/the following week
In two days	Two days later
Two days ago	Two days before
Here	There
This	That
These	Those

QUESTIONS

Questions
Yes-No questions
“Do you study here?”, he said	He asked me if I studied there
“Are you reading this book?”, he said	He asked us if we were reading that book
Wh- questions
“What are you doing?”, he said to her	He asked her what she was doing
“Where did you leave my book?”, he said to me	He asked me where I had left his book

COMMANDS, REQUESTS AND OTHERS

Commands, requests and others
“Give me my magazine”, he said	He told me to give him his magazine
“Can you pass me the salt, please?”, he said	He asked me to pass him the salt
“Come down right night”, he said	He ordered me to come down at once
“Oh, please, please, write to us soon”, they said	They begged us to write to them soon
“You should see a doctor”, he said	He advised me to see a doctor
“Don´t play near the river, children”, he said	He warned the children not to play near the river
“Would you like something to drink?, he said	He invited me to have a drink
“Shall I help you with the bags?”, he said	He offered me to help me with the bags
“Why don´t we have a swim?”, she said	She suggested having a swim

Passive voice

What is the passive voice? What do you use it for? Watch this video and find out!



ACTIVITY: Write the sentences below into passive voice and after that propose two other sentences in active voice for a partner to put them into passive voice.
1.- Those men are painting the pavement
2.- Mrs Smith will open a new bakery

Conditional sentences

TYPES

Type 1	If present, future If present, present (universal truth) If present, modal can/may If present, imperative
Type 2	If past, would
Type 3	If past perfect, would have+participle

Type 1

If he doesn´t put on his coat, he will get a cold

If you heat ice, it melts

If I cook, you can do the laundry

If he comes, call me at once

Type 2

If they came on time, we would go for a walk

If I were you, I would choose English instead

Type 3

If they had got up earlier, they would have caught the bus

www.everymanmustknow.com

Too/enough

Yesterday morning I wanted to make a cake but I didn´t have enough flour, so I went to the supermarket and got some. When I arrived home, I realised I didn´t have enough sugar; it was too late to go back to the supermarket, so I knocked on my neighbour´s door and he lent me a little. Once in the kitchen, while I was mixing the eggs and the flour, I dropped the sugar bowl and put too much sugar in the mixture! What a mess! I had to add more flour, but I didn´t have enough milk, so I knocked on my neighbour´s door again and he kindly gave me some. While I was going home, I tripped over a stone and I spilt the milk on the ground. Now I didn´t have enough milk to add to the mixture. I went back to my neighbour´s house. He was having a tea party with some friends and invited me to stay for a while. The tea was too hot for me to drink and asked for some cold milk. The others looked at me in amazement and said, "Is the tea not cold enough for you to drink? We always have it very hot in these meetings, it´s a tradition". I had it as fast as I could and left the room. On my way home I stopped at a bakery and bought a cake. I promised myself not to try to make a cake any more in my life.

ACTIVITY: Write sentences of your own and rephrase them as the example by using too and enough:
                    The suitcase is too heavy for me to lift
                    The suitcase is not light enough for me to lift

New Year´s Resolutions

A resolution is a decision or plan someone has in mind in order to change habits or lifestyle. They are usually made at the beginning of a new year.
Example:     I am going to give up smoking
                    I am going to eat more vegetables

ACTIVITY: Look at  pictures and write about your own New Year´s resolutions



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